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- EQN User Commands EQN
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- NNAAMMEE
- eqn, neqn, checkeq - typeset mathematics
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- SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
- eeqqnn [ --ddxy ] [ --ppn ] [ --ssn ] [ --ffn ] [ --PPdest ] [ file ] ...
- cchheecckkeeqq [ file ] ...
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- DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
- _E_q_n is a _t_r_o_f_f(_1) preprocessor for typesetting mathematics
- on a phototypesetter, _n_e_q_n on terminals. Usage is almost
- always
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- eqn file ... | troff
- neqn file ... | nroff
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- If no files are specified, these programs read from the
- standard input. _E_q_n prepares output for the typesetter
- named in the --PP _o_p_t_i_o_n (_d_e_f_a_u_l_t_s _t_o _t_h_e _v_a_l_u_e _o_f _t_h_e
- _P_R_I_N_T_E_RorTTYYPPEESSEETTTTEERR environment variable, or to ``va'').
-
- A line beginning with `.EQ' marks the start of an equation;
- the end of an equation is marked by a line beginning with
- `.EN'. Neither of these lines is altered, so they may be
- defined in macro packages to get centering, numbering, etc.
- It is also possible to set two characters as `delimiters';
- subsequent text between delimiters is also treated as _e_q_n
- input. Delimiters may be set to characters _x and _y with the
- command-line argument --dd_x_y or (more commonly) with `delim
- _x_y' between .EQ and .EN. The left and right delimiters may
- be identical. Delimiters are turned off by `delim off'.
- All text that is neither between delimiters nor between .EQ
- and .EN is passed through untouched.
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- The program _c_h_e_c_k_e_q reports missing or unbalanced delimiters
- and .EQ/.EN pairs.
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- Tokens within _e_q_n are separated by spaces, tabs, newlines,
- braces, double quotes, tildes or circumflexes. Braces {}
- are used for grouping; generally speaking, anywhere a single
- character like _x could appear, a complicated construction
- enclosed in braces may be used instead. Tilde ~ represents
- a full space in the output, circumflex ^ half as much, and
- tab represents an ordinary _t_r_o_f_f tab character.
-
- Subscripts and superscripts are produced with the keywords
- ssuubb and ssuupp.. Thus _x _s_u_b _i makes _x_i, _a _s_u_b _i _s_u_p _2 produces
- _a_i
- 2
- , _a_n_d _e _s_u_p {_x _s_u_p _2 + _y _s_u_p _2} gives _e
- _x
- 2
- +_y
- 2
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- .
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- Fractions are made with oovveerr: _a _o_v_e_r _b _y_i_e_l_d_s
- _b
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- _a
- _
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- Sprite v1.0 1
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- EQN User Commands EQN
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- ssqqrrtt makes square roots: _1 _o_v_e_r _s_q_r_t {_a_x _s_u_p _2 +_b_x+_c}
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- results in
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- v/~~~~~~~~_a_x
- 2
- +_b_x+_c
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- 1
- _________
- .
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- The keywords ffrroomm and ttoo introduce lower and upper limits on
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- arbitrary things:
- _n->oo
- lim
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- 0
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- _>_~
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- _n
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- _x_i _i_s _m_a_d_e _w_i_t_h _l_i_m _f_r_o_m {_n-> _i_n_f }
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- _s_u_m _f_r_o_m _0 _t_o _n _x _s_u_b _i.
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- Left and right brackets, braces, etc., of the right height
- are made with lleefftt and rriigghhtt:: _l_e_f_t [ _x _s_u_p _2 + _y _s_u_p _2 _o_v_e_r
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- _a_l_p_h_a _r_i_g_h_t ] ~=~_1 produces
- |
- |
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- _x
- 2
- +
- _o(
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- _y
- 2
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- __|
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- = 1. _T_h_e rriigghhtt clause
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- is optional. Legal characters after lleefftt and rriigghhtt are
- braces, brackets, bars, cc and ff for ceiling and floor, and
- "" for nothing at all (useful for a right-side-only
- bracket).
-
- Vertical piles of things are made with ppiillee, llppiillee, ccppiillee,
-
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- and rrppiillee: _p_i_l_e {_a _a_b_o_v_e _b _a_b_o_v_e _c} produces
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- _c
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- _b
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- _a
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- . _T_h_e_r_e _c_a_n
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- _b_e _a_n _a_r_b_i_t_r_a_r_y _n_u_m_b_e_r _o_f _e_l_e_m_e_n_t_s _i_n _a _p_i_l_e. llppiillee left-
- justifies, ppiillee and ccppiillee center, with different vertical
- spacing, and rrppiillee right justifies.
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- Matrices are made with mmaattrriixx: _m_a_t_r_i_x { _l_c_o_l { _x _s_u_b _i _a_b_o_v_e
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- _y _s_u_b _2 } _c_c_o_l { _1 _a_b_o_v_e _2 } } produces
- _y2
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- _x_i
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- 2
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- 1
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- . _I_n _a_d_d_i_t_i_o_n,
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- _t_h_e_r_e _i_s rrccooll for a right-justified column.
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- Diacritical marks are made with ddoott, ddoottddoott, hhaatt, ttiillddee,
- bbaarr, vveecc, ddyyaadd, and uunnddeerr: _x _d_o_t = _f(_t) _b_a_r is _x.=_f(_t)____, _y
- _d_o_t_d_o_t _b_a_r ~=~ _n _u_n_d_e_r is _y.._ = _n_, _a_n_d _x _v_e_c ~=~ _y _d_y_a_d is
- _x->= _y<-->.
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- Sizes and font can be changed with ssiizzee _n or ssiizzee ++___n, rroommaann,
- iittaalliicc, bboolldd, and ffoonntt _n. Size and fonts can be changed glo-
- bally in a document by ggssiizzee _n and ggffoonntt _n, or by the
- command-line arguments --ss_n and --ff_n.
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- Normally subscripts and superscripts are reduced by 3 point
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- EQN User Commands EQN
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- sizes from the previous size; this may be changed by the
- command-line argument --pp_n.
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- Successive display arguments can be lined up. Place mmaarrkk
- before the desired lineup point in the first equation; place
- lliinneeuupp at the place that is to line up vertically in subse-
- quent equations.
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- Shorthands may be defined or existing keywords redefined
- with ddeeffiinnee: _d_e_f_i_n_e _t_h_i_n_g % _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t % defines a new
- token called _t_h_i_n_g which will be replaced by _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t
- whenever it appears thereafter. The % may be any character
- that does not occur in _r_e_p_l_a_c_e_m_e_n_t.
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- Keywords like _s_u_m (_>_~) _i_n_t () _i_n_f (oo) _a_n_d _s_h_o_r_t_h_a_n_d_s _l_i_k_e >=
- (>_) -> (->), _a_n_d != (=/) _a_r_e _r_e_c_o_g_n_i_z_e_d. _G_r_e_e_k _l_e_t_t_e_r_s _a_r_e
- _s_p_e_l_l_e_d _o_u_t _i_n _t_h_e _d_e_s_i_r_e_d _c_a_s_e, _a_s _i_n _a_l_p_h_a or _G_A_M_M_A.
- Mathematical words like sin, cos, log are made Roman
- automatically. _T_r_o_f_f(1) four-character escapes like \(bs ()
- can be used anywhere. Strings enclosed in double quotes
- "..." are passed through untouched; this permits keywords to
- be entered as text, and can be used to communicate with
- _t_r_o_f_f when all else fails.
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- SSEEEE AALLSSOO
- troff(1), tbl(1), ms(7), eqnchar(7)
- B. W. Kernighan and L. L. Cherry, _T_y_p_e_s_e_t_t_i_n_g _M_a_t_h_e_m_a_t_i_c_s-
- _U_s_e_r'_s _G_u_i_d_e
- J. F. Ossanna, _N_R_O_F_F/_T_R_O_F_F _U_s_e_r'_s _M_a_n_u_a_l
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- BBUUGGSS
- To embolden digits, parens, etc., it is necessary to quote
- them, as in `bold "12.3"'.
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